Horsemonger Lane Gaol was constructed between 1791 and 1799. It was once the largest prison in Surrey, England. It remained Surrey’s principal prison and place of execution until its closure in 1878. William Henry Gibbs was an Infirmary Warder at Horsemonger and had a fascinating life. This work is based on his words: The Life and Adventures of William Henry Gibbs – Turnkey etc.

Back in England

We made Lands End after an average voyage of twenty eight days. A thrill of emotion ran through my bosom at again beholding the sight of my native land, which was welcomed with lusty cheers from the whole regiment, the band striking up “Auld Lang Syne” which much lengthened the excitement. We landed at Portsmouth, took rail for the Old Cathedral town of Canterbury, at whose alter Thomas A Becket was foully murdered, which I afterwards visited. Our officials forgot to put down my neglect of duty on board the ship in the regimental defaulters book and on my arrival here, was made a Corporal.

Our spare time here was divided between the streets and the Dane John, with of course an eye to the British Female Department which, we never on any occasion lost sight of our duty to the Ladies, being considered a part and parcel of our regimental duties. In the autumn of this year, I went hopping with some of the Canterbury belles, but instead of doing much work we proved only an hindrance and finally was driven from the fields by Kentish Old Women and their hop poles.

About this time, the Duke of Wellington died and six hundred of our men were selected to form a part of the Duke’s funeral, myself being one of the number. We arrived in the town and were billeted at Chelsea. My sisters Anne and Elizabeth came to see me. We had a rare game, I accompanied them home, got tight, made the cabman so too, who turned one over on my way back to my billet and nearly made us food for the worms.

On the morning of the funeral, we were all mustered at four o clock, marched down to St. James Park where the procession formed up. When the Rifles took the lead and arrived at Temple Bar about ten, we opened our ranks and the whole of the procession passed through, winding their way to St. Paul’s Cathedral. Here we remained stationary the whole day until six in the evening without grub. The occupants of the houses, seeing us looking weary and faint from their windows, threw us down sandwiches, biscuits, oranges nuts etc., which we caught in our caps. One orange fell in the middle of the road and one of our men imprudently stepped off the ranks and picked it up, upon which the Captain made him replace it. The people seeing this, raised an outcry and pelting the Captain who, though could stand powder and shot, could not stand public opinion backed up by apples and oranges so he had to retreat up an obscure court on our rear. The soldier was afterwards punished and this discipline, though it appears severe to civilians, is necessary. Had he not been checked, it would have ended in a regular scramble and perhaps in a fight. After we returned to Canterbury I obtained leave to go on furlough which was granted for thirty nine days. I made the best of any way to London to my Mothers and in about four days after, received a letter from my brother James to say he had arrived from China and was lying in The St. Catherine’s docks and would be home that morning to see my mother. I need not say how enjoyed we all were at this unexpected news, more especially myself as it seemed as if fortune had favoured me in many ways in falling in with my brothers.  In was a boy of about twelve years of age when James left, and he had, not knowing I had returned from Canada did not know me. As he approached the garden gate and enquired if Mrs. Gibbs lived there, I answered in the affirmative when he entered and was joyously welcomed when I was soon introduced as his young brother sweep from the rifles. I accompanied him to Woolwich when an arrangement was made for my transfer to the Royal Artillery, James returning home with me for a months furlough. On his arrival here he was  tea-total and had been so for three years, which enabled him to bring home a quantity of money which soon slipped through our hands.

Just about this time, I received a letter from England informing me of the sudden death of my Father. This deeply affected me and I deeply felt for the forlorn condition of my poor mother who, now a widow, would be without the consolation of myself and brothers who, had we been near, we could have afforded her. The suddenness with which he was taken away also deeply impressed and I could not think of this visitation of providence, without thinking that such dispensations were sent by him who does all things for our good and who works them out in so many mysterious ways. Soon after this, my brother John came up from Quebec to Kingston. I had previously heard from him by making enquiries and found out where he was located, but I little thought we were so soon to meet. He was a wheelwright in the Royal Artillery and enlisted soon after my brother James. I shall never forget my first meeting with him after his arrival in Kingston. I did not know of his coming so he sent one of his comrades to our Barracks to say, that a friend wanted to see me at a certain public house in the town. I went up wondering who on earth it could be, finding no one there I took my seat in the Parlour waiting for someone to turn up. Bye and bye, in comes some of the Artillery, one of them looked me very hard in the face as if trying to recollect my features. One of the others, remarking at the time “that’s him”. In return I stared hard at this artillery man and seeing his well known smile, called him by name scarcely believing my own eyes. He said I must be mistaken as to his identity, he had not the pleasure of my acquaintance, but I assured him I had some slight knowledge of his. I did  not so much wonder at his not knowing me, as he left me at home in my pinafores and never had seen one since and now saw me as big as himself in my regimentals. Of course we were soon “tete á tete”;  relating family events. The subject of Fathers death became our chief discourse and this made our meeting somewhat sad, although it cheered one to have him quartered so near me. We became constant companions, so I had many opportunity of relating to him most of what had passed at home since he left. On the following Christmas he invited me to dine with him at the Artillery Barracks. The large room was tastefully fitted out with evergreens and laurel and being lit up by numerous lights, gave it an unusual gay appearance. On these occasions, a tray is put at the head of the table containing a bottle of wine and some glasses, it being customary for the commanding officer followed by staff to round and inspect us and drink the health of the men in wine, with the compliments of the season. Observing me like a black sheep among the many gay uniforms of the artillery, asked if they had invited a sweep to dine with them, raising a laugh at my expense and which I was not all ashamed of for I was very proud of my Rifle uniform. When the mirth had subsided the officer received an explanation and immediately apologised for his rather rude pleasantry, which of course was accepted and laughed off by me. We spent a jolly evening and kept Christmas up in as good a style as possible for the honour of Old England. Our shop where I used to work, was rather a large one, as it contained 17 of us comprising: seven tailors and the remainder snobs. We were very busy at this time making long boots for the regiment, which in the cold climate of Canada are much worn. One morning we had a lot of this description on hand, but did not feel much inclined for work, consequently we amused ourselves with cards etc., besides taking a fair share of Whiskey. Some one suggested that we should play our Master shoemaker (a sergeant) a joke, so I and another placed a large tin  dish full of water on the top of the shop door, so that when it was opened it would tumble down and drench him. Unluckily, instead of the sergeant, one of the officers made his appearance and got the contents of the dish over his uniform. For this, we were marched out and as none of us would split who did it, he sent us all to the guard room as prisoners, but being of importance that the boots should be finished, we were asked if those who performed this trick would honourably come forward and say so at once. When my assistant called out “I and Gibbs done it”, we expected to get a Court Martial at the least, but being candid, we got off with a very light punishment while all the others had much heavier. One of our men about this time, fell through the ice and was drowned. There being no carpenters shop, the coffins were made by the wheelwrights, so my brother came in for the job. A large fire had been raging the day previous, the soldiers being called out to assist in putting it out and removing the goods. One of our men “Jen Carr”, brought out a large casket of oil (as he thought) but after knocking off the neck of the bottles against the heel of his boot, he pronounced it to be Champagne. So he managed to slip away about a dozen bottles in a drain close by, which we found next day and had a jolly spree. But to return to John and the coffin, he too had been at the fire and got about half seas over, was in no mind for work and next day however he made a part of the coffin and then got so drunk he could not finish it. The coffin being particularly wanted in the evening, I went up to see how it was getting on and found Jack in it, fast asleep his comrade also drunk in another part of the shop. This would not do at all and he not being in a fit state to finish it, I  awoke his companion up and with his assistance, managed to finish it, so I got Jack out of a scrape. We lost a great many men through falling through the ice and getting drowned. One morning, we had a very heavy fall of snow and all hands turned out to clear the Barrack Square. I was engaged with others in removing it in sledges and tipping off the wharf  on to the ice. Having a incline to go down to the wharf, we used to mount on the sledge and ride down. In consequence of an altercation taking place, I shifted my seat and the poor fellow who took my seat, which I had left only a few minutes before, fell off broke through the ice and would have become food for fishes had we not fished him out. But only too late for the poor fellow was drowned, so this was a narrow escape for me. In the summer time we used to go out shooting occasionally and sometimes took in our heads to bathe. While we were out shooting one day we fell in with a female of the Mohawk tribe in the woods and being a fine figure of the red Indians, with a lovely set of ivories and a bonny pair of coal black eyes, I thought I should like to make an impression on her well  turned lips and was about to embrace her for that purpose, when she gave a tremendous yell which soon brought her old buck to her side who levelled his rifle and would have made no bones about shooting some of us, had we not been too well armed for him. On one of our bathing excursions we fell in with some of the native females floundering away in the water like so many mermaids. There being only three of us in company at the time we immediately joined them and highly amused ourselves, as well as we could, under such naked circumstances. Just in the midst of our frolic, who should we see rowing up the river to the spot but the Commanding Officer of our Regiment, who made it his pastime to  visit this haunt and help smooth the long black hair of those mermaids occasionally. But no sooner did he pop his ogles on us, than he took to sculls and rowed a hasty retreat casting a glance at those fair females we had taken from his grasp. Lucky for us he did not recognise our features. We left here soon afterwards and it was with great regret that I parted from my brother and the little blacked eyed damsel at the public house. We returned to Quebec for Old England and embarked on board “The Simon” troop ship after my stay in the Colony of three years. We had some fun coming home on the passage, although we numbered together with the crew and a detachment of Invalids something like sixteen hundred huddled together like so many pigs. One third of us used to remain on deck every night and another third slept in the hammocks and the remainder on the decks below. I used, sometimes with others, to take a snooze in the sheep pen and thought it a great luxury when it was my turn on deck. Our luggage was stowed round the masts between decks, over which was placed a sentry. It came to my turn to be on in the night and being so closely confined I, like my companions that were strewed around me all snoring fell asleep too, when the sergeant came around and caught me napping and made me a prisoner. Next morning I was taken before the Major and he, taking into consideration our closely confined position, together with his being half drunk sentenced me to be confined to barracks for fourteen days. In the middle of the Atlantic, this with the loss of my grog was considered to be a sufficient punishment and suited me very well all though by this time I could take my grog without lemon syrup or the consequence of getting my fingers frozen. The Simon was a three decker and of course under Man of War regulations, carrying eight guns on her quarter deck. I happened unfortunately to belong to the Junior Company was quartered on the bottom deck with Invalids and married soldiers. The wife of a soldier who had died abroad, a sprightly piece of goods, she was always larking with us. So one night we determined to play her a practical joke by cutting down her hammock while she was asleep. Our hammocks were all slung to the deck beams, mine nearly touched hers, only there was a curtain drawn to part us over which two of the married soldiers kept guard. I managed, in the dead of the night, to cut down the foot stay of her hammock when down she came with a gun on the ground hollering out and arousing the whole of us. Of course the sentries were asleep as usual, and no one owning to it, Viz (myself), no one got blamed or punished, although a strict search was made for the guilty party.  I cannot say I admire the discipline on board of a Man of War. The Master at Arms, a great tall Sergeant of the Marines, had to drill the boys. They mounted the rattlings on one side, had to climb over the main top and come down on the other side, when as a rule the last one down had a good stroke or two to make him more nimble for the future. This cruel practice used to fall on one poor sickly looking lad, who was not so nimble as the rest. The poor boy, when finding he was last, would stop up in the rattlings and look down upon this huge monster with tears in his eyes, asking him for mercy, who in return gave him a good stroke with the cane. Our men, observing this treatment with feelings of derision, remonstrated with him and nearly got themselves put in irons for their humane exertions.


Transcribed and supplied by Raymond Watts
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