Horsemonger Lane Gaol was constructed between 1791 and 1799. It was once the largest prison in Surrey, England. It remained Surrey’s principal prison and place of execution until its closure in 1878. William Henry Gibbs was an Infirmary Warder at Horsemonger and had a fascinating life. This work is based on his words: The Life and Adventures of William Henry Gibbs – Turnkey etc.

Canada

From Gosport we returned to Parkhurst again. 148 of our depot were drafted to Canada, one half to Quebec and the other half to Toronto. I was not myself among this number, but 16 of us were told to be in waiting in case of illness or desertion (I being the last one). So on our way to Cowes to embark, one fellow fell ill and poor I obliged to take his place. We embarked on board “The Euphrates” a merchant tub fitted out as a troop ship. I had the good fortune to be on good terms with a comrade in the Regiment, who had been an old sailor. He was made the cook for our detachment and told me of a plan how to avoid sea sickness, which proved to be correct for I and five others were not ill during the whole voyage and while our comrades were enjoying the extreme felicity of retching, we were stowing away their rations for a future day in case we should run short. We called off Cork on our passage and took on board a detachment of the 19th  Regiment, proceeding to Montreal. While we laid, I parted with a pound of tobacco for a quarter loaf, which at that time was of more consequence to me. We hoisted anchor and made the best of our way across the Atlantic but meeting with adverse winds, were much buffeted about and were 66 days reaching Quebec. Being short of provisions, I found my store of rations come very handy. Once on the voyage, I was orderly and it being very rough, could keep nothing on the table. I therefore slung a pail of pea soup up to the beam and whilst stooping down to cut the pork,  my head came in contact with the pail and overturned the scalding hot soup over me nearly scalping me and turning those around me sick. There being so short of provisions nearly cause mutiny, and one day all of us mustered on deck and shouted for more food, the Captain ordered us another biscuit a day this did not seem much but from their being so very hard, it had the effect of making our jaws ache and stopped our shouting for the remainder of the voyage. Some of our men were so hungry they used to steal the bones from the dogs that had been brought out of the cabin and sometimes after the dogs had amused themselves with them. We soon after, arrived in the river of St. Lawrence where our hearts leapt at once more beholding the sight of land. The country on both sides of the river, is very mountainous and have a very pleasing effect, especially to those who have never witnessed more grand before. Here we had a narrow escape. The vessel was stuck with one of those Typhoons or whirl winds, as we call them, we lost our mizzen mast and nearly capsized the craft.On arriving at Quebec harbour we caught sight of the plains of Abraham, where General Wolf was killed. This was pointed out by our captain and we all uncovered, in token of the respect to the noble General’s memory. We landed on the wharf at Quebec and changed our baggage into a river steamboat, to proceed up to Toronto. Strange to say my second brother John, assisted in removing the baggage, of course not having seen him for so many years I did not know him. So we steamed up the river to Montreal and there along the canal, to avoid the rapids of the St Lawrence, here the scenery was very beautiful. Steaming up Lake Ontario, we passed the thousand islands, the different channels through which, together with the magnificent foliage around, present a picture too beautiful to be imagined. At the time we arrived at Toronto, the cholera was raging in the town, which obliged us to be confined to barracks for six weeks. After our arrival, my first duty in Canada was officers Orderly. I had an official letter to take into the town from the officer on duty and not knowing any way, asked an Irishman, whom I met on the road. Pat tried with a little French, to make me understand that he could not speak English, so I had to find my way the best I could. I got told off on presenting the letter to my superior officer, because I was too polite in taking off my hat and not polite enough to salute him with my hand to my head. Some days after this, I happened to meet this same officer in the barrack square, on my way from the cook house with a dish of potatoes on my head and for fear of being corrected again the second time, I let go the dish to pay my due respect to him and in the act of rising my hand the dish fell from my head and so spoiled my comrades dinner.   This seemed to be an unfortunate day with me, being in a flurry about being reported, I was very nervous. In the afternoon, going down to the wharf to dip a pail of water, I fell, head foremost through the ice. The sentry on the ramparts above seeing me struggling and again breaking through, came to my assistance and reaching out his rifle, I caught the sling tight and so got out of my perilous situation. I soon became insensible from cold and cramp and coming to my senses some hours afterwards, I found myself wrapped up in blankets. About this time we had a young officer from England found the regiment, whose duty it was on this occasion to command the firing party at target practice. One day I remember we were out at the practice and the marker imprudently let a cow stray in our line. We saw the cow and asked the officer if we should cease firing, “oh no” say’s he, fire away. So Fred Arnold, always shutting the strong eye when firing, let fly and brought the old cow to grass. The owner of the animal sued the officer for it’s value, it was paid and the carcass was ours. We hacked into the old cow, without skinning her and carried it away piecemeal to barracks. If you have ever seen the death of a fox, you can imagine us pegging away at the cow, fighting for the best parts and getting as bloody as butchers. Just to give a little specimen of the English officer abroad. I may here observe that one of our men was to be tried for habitual drunkenness, but before they could try this man by Court Martial, the Captain, or president, had to be bailed out of the Police cell for being drunk and disorderly. He came to barracks, tried this unfortunate fellow, gave him forty two days and then returned to town and got fined for is misconduct. One night I strolled out with some comrades who made me tight on a lemon syrup and whisky. We went into a public house and being young and not inclined to drink spirits, I ordered some of the syrup, but some of my comrades mixed it with whisky which took such a singular effect on me that I felt incline to tumble down on the ground and cover myself over with the snow for a counter-pain. Which ultimately I did and a married sergeant returning to his quarters, passed by me and seeing my singular roost, had me conveyed home to barracks on a shutter but not before I had got some of m fingers frozen. This was a narrow escape for me, for had the sergeant not observed me, I should in all probability have been frozen to death. Desertions in Canada at this time were very frequent and eight of our band getting clean off with their instruments, arrived in the United States and joined a wild beast show. Our authorities went after them, intending to prosecute, but American Law pronounced it only a breach of trust. The good accounts we continually heard from deserters in the States induced me and 3 others to steal a boat and try and make our escape, but the sentry was down on us too quick. So after getting off about two hundred yards, we were hailed and obliged to put back to shore again. I took one way and the others took another, but I managed to get into barracks before I was discovered. The others being brought in by the picket next day and as there were five of us absent that night, so I was not sworn as to have been one of the four that was in the boat, so I got off scot free while my three poor comrades got forty two days each imprisonment. We only remained at Toronto eight months and shifted our quarters to Kingston, on Lake Erie. Here my snobbing propensities over took me once more and to complete my education in that respect, I entered our regimental shoemakers shop, where we were obliged to earn £1 per week as our regiment at this time were in want of shoes. This, besides my regular pay, enabled me to keep time with my non-commissioned officer in charge of the room to which I belonged to. I used to accompany him to any public house and in one, there were two girls; with one of these I fell desperately in love. She was a black eyed rosy cheek girl, about eighteen and I should at that time picked out us a girl, calculated to make a chap like myself pretty comfortable, but here my love did not run smooth. I was concerned with the, before mentioned, officer in cutting off one of our comrades whiskers. This chaps name was “Edwards” and an ignorant Hampshire hog who would persist in paying his visits to these girls. One night we made him drunk and he priding himself on his whiskers, of which he had a tolerable crop, we managed to reap some of them off. When he discovered his loss in the morning, he was in a deuce of a rage and if he had not been prevented, would have run some of us through with his sword. About this time I turned tea total and commenced to save money and put it in the saving bank with a view of getting married. But this good and virtuous resolution only lasted about four months. Christmas was the event which caused me to break the pledge. I had been out for the day to dine, but on returning home I found all my comrades at their Christmas games and all top ropes. This induced me to join them and ended in my drawing the money out of the bank and squandered it away in spreeing about. This ended my engagement with this little black eyed charmer, although I often visited her afterwards. On passing through the market one day I was attracted by a man who was disposing of watches by Auction. I was induced to bid and it was knocked down and I became the possessor of this, to all appearance, a nice silver watch for a dollar and a half which turned out to be a Liverpool runner. Wrongly named I consider, for it would not run without I run with it. However, I managed to get up a raffle in the barrack room and found my profits amount to five dollars and half. The man who won it sold it to a green horn for five dollars. Our Captain, hearing of it through the purchaser applying for his money, asked to see the watch and being a tolerable judge pronounced it’s value to be nothing. So for this watch and raffling it, I nearly got into a scrape and received a reprimand with an admonition to be more careful of my jewellery transactions for the future.

Just about this time, I received a letter from England informing me of the sudden death of my Father. This deeply affected me and I deeply felt for the forlorn condition of my poor mother who, now a widow, would be without the consolation of myself and brothers who, had we been near, we could have afforded her. The suddenness with which he was taken away also deeply impressed and I could not think of this visitation of providence, without thinking that such dispensations were sent by him who does all things for our good and who works them out in so many mysterious ways. Soon after this, my brother John came up from Quebec to Kingston. I had previously heard from him by making enquiries and found out where he was located, but I little thought we were so soon to meet. He was a wheelwright in the Royal Artillery and enlisted soon after my brother James. I shall never forget my first meeting with him after his arrival in Kingston. I did not know of his coming so he sent one of his comrades to our Barracks to say, that a friend wanted to see me at a certain public house in the town. I went up wondering who on earth it could be, finding no one there I took my seat in the Parlour waiting for someone to turn up. Bye and bye, in comes some of the Artillery, one of them looked me very hard in the face as if trying to recollect my features. One of the others, remarking at the time “that’s him”. In return I stared hard at this artillery man and seeing his well known smile, called him by name scarcely believing my own eyes. He said I must be mistaken as to his identity, he had not the pleasure of my acquaintance, but I assured him I had some slight knowledge of his. I did  not so much wonder at his not knowing me, as he left me at home in my pinafores and never had seen one since and now saw me as big as himself in my regimentals. Of course we were soon “tete á tete”;  relating family events. The subject of Fathers death became our chief discourse and this made our meeting somewhat sad, although it cheered one to have him quartered so near me. We became constant companions, so I had many opportunity of relating to him most of what had passed at home since he left. On the following Christmas he invited me to dine with him at the Artillery Barracks. The large room was tastefully fitted out with evergreens and laurel and being lit up by numerous lights, gave it an unusual gay appearance. On these occasions, a tray is put at the head of the table containing a bottle of wine and some glasses, it being customary for the commanding officer followed by staff to round and inspect us and drink the health of the men in wine, with the compliments of the season. Observing me like a black sheep among the many gay uniforms of the artillery, asked if they had invited a sweep to dine with them, raising a laugh at my expense and which I was not all ashamed of for I was very proud of my Rifle uniform. When the mirth had subsided the officer received an explanation and immediately apologised for his rather rude pleasantry, which of course was accepted and laughed off by me. We spent a jolly evening and kept Christmas up in as good a style as possible for the honour of Old England. Our shop where I used to work, was rather a large one, as it contained 17 of us comprising: seven tailors and the remainder snobs. We were very busy at this time making long boots for the regiment, which in the cold climate of Canada are much worn. One morning we had a lot of this description on hand, but did not feel much inclined for work, consequently we amused ourselves with cards etc., besides taking a fair share of Whiskey. Some one suggested that we should play our Master shoemaker (a sergeant) a joke, so I and another placed a large tin  dish full of water on the top of the shop door, so that when it was opened it would tumble down and drench him. Unluckily, instead of the sergeant, one of the officers made his appearance and got the contents of the dish over his uniform. For this, we were marched out and as none of us would split who did it, he sent us all to the guard room as prisoners, but being of importance that the boots should be finished, we were asked if those who performed this trick would honourably come forward and say so at once. When my assistant called out “I and Gibbs done it”, we expected to get a Court Martial at the least, but being candid, we got off with a very light punishment while all the others had much heavier. One of our men about this time, fell through the ice and was drowned. There being no carpenters shop, the coffins were made by the wheelwrights, so my brother came in for the job. A large fire had been raging the day previous, the soldiers being called out to assist in putting it out and removing the goods. One of our men “Jen Carr”, brought out a large casket of oil (as he thought) but after knocking off the neck of the bottles against the heel of his boot, he pronounced it to be Champagne. So he managed to slip away about a dozen bottles in a drain close by, which we found next day and had a jolly spree. But to return to John and the coffin, he too had been at the fire and got about half seas over, was in no mind for work and next day however he made a part of the coffin and then got so drunk he could not finish it. The coffin being particularly wanted in the evening, I went up to see how it was getting on and found Jack in it, fast asleep his comrade also drunk in another part of the shop. This would not do at all and he not being in a fit state to finish it, I  awoke his companion up and with his assistance, managed to finish it, so I got Jack out of a scrape. We lost a great many men through falling through the ice and getting drowned. One morning, we had a very heavy fall of snow and all hands turned out to clear the Barrack Square. I was engaged with others in removing it in sledges and tipping off the wharf  on to the ice. Having a incline to go down to the wharf, we used to mount on the sledge and ride down. In consequence of an altercation taking place, I shifted my seat and the poor fellow who took my seat, which I had left only a few minutes before, fell off broke through the ice and would have become food for fishes had we not fished him out. But only too late for the poor fellow was drowned, so this was a narrow escape for me. In the summer time we used to go out shooting occasionally and sometimes took in our heads to bathe. While we were out shooting one day we fell in with a female of the Mohawk tribe in the woods and being a fine figure of the red Indians, with a lovely set of ivories and a bonny pair of coal black eyes, I thought I should like to make an impression on her well  turned lips and was about to embrace her for that purpose, when she gave a tremendous yell which soon brought her old buck to her side who levelled his rifle and would have made no bones about shooting some of us, had we not been too well armed for him. On one of our bathing excursions we fell in with some of the native females floundering away in the water like so many mermaids. There being only three of us in company at the time we immediately joined them and highly amused ourselves, as well as we could, under such naked circumstances. Just in the midst of our frolic, who should we see rowing up the river to the spot but the Commanding Officer of our Regiment, who made it his pastime to  visit this haunt and help smooth the long black hair of those mermaids occasionally. But no sooner did he pop his ogles on us, than he took to sculls and rowed a hasty retreat casting a glance at those fair females we had taken from his grasp. Lucky for us he did not recognise our features. We left here soon afterwards and it was with great regret that I parted from my brother and the little blacked eyed damsel at the public house. We returned to Quebec for Old England and embarked on board “The Simon” troop ship after my stay in the Colony of three years. We had some fun coming home on the passage, although we numbered together with the crew and a detachment of Invalids something like sixteen hundred huddled together like so many pigs. One third of us used to remain on deck every night and another third slept in the hammocks and the remainder on the decks below. I used, sometimes with others, to take a snooze in the sheep pen and thought it a great luxury when it was my turn on deck. Our luggage was stowed round the masts between decks, over which was placed a sentry. It came to my turn to be on in the night and being so closely confined I, like my companions that were strewed around me all snoring fell asleep too, when the sergeant came around and caught me napping and made me a prisoner. Next morning I was taken before the Major and he, taking into consideration our closely confined position, together with his being half drunk sentenced me to be confined to barracks for fourteen days. In the middle of the Atlantic, this with the loss of my grog was considered to be a sufficient punishment and suited me very well all though by this time I could take my grog without lemon syrup or the consequence of getting my fingers frozen. The Simon was a three decker and of course under Man of War regulations, carrying eight guns on her quarter deck. I happened unfortunately to belong to the Junior Company was quartered on the bottom deck with Invalids and married soldiers. The wife of a soldier who had died abroad, a sprightly piece of goods, she was always larking with us. So one night we determined to play her a practical joke by cutting down her hammock while she was asleep. Our hammocks were all slung to the deck beams, mine nearly touched hers, only there was a curtain drawn to part us over which two of the married soldiers kept guard. I managed, in the dead of the night, to cut down the foot stay of her hammock when down she came with a gun on the ground hollering out and arousing the whole of us. Of course the sentries were asleep as usual, and no one owning to it, Viz (myself), no one got blamed or punished, although a strict search was made for the guilty party.  I cannot say I admire the discipline on board of a Man of War. The Master at Arms, a great tall Sergeant of the Marines, had to drill the boys. They mounted the rattlings on one side, had to climb over the main top and come down on the other side, when as a rule the last one down had a good stroke or two to make him more nimble for the future. This cruel practice used to fall on one poor sickly looking lad, who was not so nimble as the rest. The poor boy, when finding he was last, would stop up in the rattlings and look down upon this huge monster with tears in his eyes, asking him for mercy, who in return gave him a good stroke with the cane. Our men, observing this treatment with feelings of derision, remonstrated with him and nearly got themselves put in irons for their humane exertions.


Transcribed and supplied by Raymond Watts
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